PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — Before Matthew Miller harvests marijuana this fall from his fields in southern Oregon, he'll have to notify the state for the first time ever — a process that could bring inspectors to make sure none of his pot is being illegally diverted.
The new harvest notification policy, which takes effect Saturday, is the first of its kind among states that have legalized marijuana and is intended to ensure legally grown Oregon weed isn't being transported out of state.
It's part of a raft of new measures to appease federal officials who have publicly railed against what they call Oregon's "relaxed" regulatory environment and inadequate oversight of an ambitious legal pot industry. Oregon has an excellent pot-growing climate, and its rules allow applicants to have multiple licenses, permit out-of-state investment and don't cap grower licenses — generous policies that have resulted in an oversupply of legal weed, with growers desperate to unload crops now worth half of what they were.
In this environment, the harvest notification rule has riled many cannabis cultivators who say it amounts to more bureaucracy in an industry already struggling to stay afloat.
"They don't do this to any other agricultural crop in the world," said Miller, of Millerville Farms. "All it does is it makes our margin go less and less — and we're already doing just about everything at cost."
Oregon's adult-use market has struggled for months with too much marijuana. As of June, there were nearly 1 million pounds (450,000 kilograms) of "usable flower" in the system, and an additional 350,000 pounds (159,000 kilograms) of marijuana extracts, edibles and tinctures. Usable flower refers to the dried marijuana flower — or bud — that is most commonly associated with marijuana consumption.
The Oregon Liquor Control Commission, which regulates the state's general use marijuana program, stopped accepting applications for new growing licenses in June so it could process a monthslong backlog. State lawmakers next year will likely consider a cap on the number of permits issued for grows and fund more field inspectors.
Amid the glut, U.S. Attorney Billy J. Williams has pressured the state to tighten the rules and crack down on growers who may be diverting supply to the black market. Sheriffs in the southern Oregon counties most impacted by outdoor grow sites have been vocal about a lack of resources to sleuth out illegal marijuana farms.
State regulators last month targeted one possible problem when they reduced the amount of marijuana flower a medical marijuana patient can buy per day at a retail store from 24 ounces to 1 ounce for a six-month trial period. The change was prompted when the liquor commission noticed a handful of stores were selling flower in bulk over and over again.
And since July, the state has required 750 medical marijuana growers with more than 12 plants to register with the commission. Their plants will now be tracked from seed to sale just like non-medical cultivators' are. Sixteen inspectors are tasked with visiting these larger medical growers to look for diversion, with more to be hired, said Mark Pettinger, commission spokesman.
For the non-medical growers, the harvest rule will require them to notify the state by 9 a.m. on a day they plan to harvest by entering their plans into a cannabis tracking system. State regulators originally wanted 72 hours' notice, but cultivators pushed back.
"It's like an audit. They're going to go out and make sure that plant counts and package count match what's in the system," Pettinger said.
The state general use program has 23 inspectors — not enough to show up at each harvest site — but the possibility that an inspector could come knocking should provide an incentive to follow the rules, he said. The agency will also reconcile the anticipated harvest entered into the system with what actually comes in, he said.
Sixty-five percent of Oregon's outdoor growing sites for recreational use marijuana — 258 farms — are concentrated in two rural counties, making it easier to place resources before harvest time in late September or early October, Pettinger said.
"A lot of growers are far-flung, but we have a concentration of inspectors in southern Oregon, and it's the southern Oregon outdoor growing activity that has anecdotally and historically been sort of a crucible of where a lot of diversion and illegal activity takes place," he said.
Growers say the rule unfairly targets licensed cultivators to get federal authorities off Oregon's back. The rule doesn't apply to indoor growers — who can harvest up to three times a year instead of once — or those growing medical pot. Outdoor growing facilities are also required under state law to maintain security cameras both inside and outside and store the film for 90 days.
"Which target are you going to go after if you're shooting? You're going to go after your easy target," said Pete Gendron, president of the Oregon SunGrowers Guild, which advocates for outdoor pot farms. "I don't think there's a single instance where it's been demonstrated that somebody is attempting to divert product."
Others say state-licensed growers would be the last to divert marijuana to the black market because they'd be risking tens of thousands of dollars spent to sell pot legally. Pot proponents note that of the six people arrested on federal charges last week for trafficking Oregon marijuana to Texas, Florida and Virginia, none were enrolled in the state's legal program, according to the commission.
"If they're really worried about diversion, it's the unlicensed growers you have to worry about," said Anthony Johnson, who directed the campaign to legalize adult-use marijuana in Oregon. "These people I know, they've put so much investment into their grow that risking that isn't really part of the equation."
